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Joseph Gringlas - January 14, 1993

Was there a ghetto opened in-there was a ghetto I assume.

Yeah, there was.

How long after the Germans came in did they set up a ghetto?

Oh, the ghetto was set up uh, about I would remember about ayear or half a year, something like this. But we had to wear right away armbands.

First thing.

Yeah.

Was there a Judenrat?

There was a Judenrat too because the Judenrat wha...wha...tha...a...atthe time they needed some people for work. So they went to Judenrat and Judenratthey uh, knew exactly to, to, you know, they, to ask the Judenrat how manythey need for work. The Judenrat gave uh, had us to go to-to work for them.At the beginning that was just like, you know, work for them then you wentback home.

Did you know anyone on the, on the Council, on the JewishCouncil?

I knew the-yeah, I knew the people. I was young but I knew someof pe...people yeah.

How did people feel about them? Were they uh, there Jewishpolice as well?

There were some Jewish policemens too, yeah.

And how did, how did the Jews in the ghetto feel about them?

They felt-that mean that eh, we knew that they were told to doit and they have to do it, you know. Some were, were helping, you know, tryingto help the Germans even to show that they are working for them w...w...wantedthem to do. But some they, well, they knew what, that's going to happen tothem either. So they just weren't so strict.